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Contents Roland Etienne – Jean-Pierre Braun, Altars from Delos and Ionian altars >> Sven Ahrens, Observations Regarding the Ornamentation on Early Attic Sarcophagi >> Huberta Heres, Coloured Marble Decoration from a Roman House in Miletus >> Excavation Reports Andreas Schachner, The Excavations at Boğazköy-Hattuša in 2006 >> Franziska Lang – Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner – Peter Funke – Lazaros Kolonas – Susanne Jahns – Andreas Vött, Interdisciplinary Landscape Research in Akarnania, Western Greece. Reports on the Survey Campaigns of 2000–2002 and on the Palaeobotanical and Palaeogeographical Studies on the Plaghiá Peninsula >> Susanne Jahns, Pollen Analyses at Lake Voulkaria for the Purpose of Research Into the Vegetation and Environmental History of the Plaghiá Peninsula >> Andreas Vött – Helmut Brückner – Christian Georg – Mathias Handl – Armin Schriever – Hans-Joachim Wagner, Holocene Landscape Changes and Geoarchaeological Aspects of the Palairos Coastal Plain (Northwestern Greece) >> Colloquium
"Bauforschungsperspetiven" Ulrike Wulf-Rheidt, Bauforschungsperspektiven - New Approaches and Multidisciplinary Methods. Colloquium Held by the Architekturreferat of the German Archaeologcial Institute Berlin, November 17-19, 2005 Manfred Schuller, Bauforschungsperspektiven. The Desire to Innovate – The Pressure to Innovate >> Martin Bachmann, Current Status and Provenance. On Definition of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Building Research >> Joachim Ganzert – Cord Meckseper, From the Vanishing Point to the Spatial/Contextual Perspective. A Critique of »Bauforschungsperspektiven« >> Claudia Bührig, Building Research – History of Building and Architecture. An Additional Dimension: the Structural Find Assemblage as a Store of Knowledge >> Archaeological Ph.D. Dissertations and Habilitationen 2006 Information for Authors Roland Etienne – Jean-Pierre Braun, Altars from Delos and Ionian altars This article consists of a critical analysis of the work »Ionische Altäre. Formen und Varianten einer Architekturgattung aus Insel- und Ostionien, Archäologische Forschungen 21« by A. Ohnesorg (Berlin 2005) and a publication of five monuments from Delos: four altars and a hypaethral sekos (cf. Ph. Bruneau – J. Ducat, Guide de Délos [Paris 2005] no 23 A. C. D. E. F). These monuments make it possible to define civic space on Delos and to chart its history in the 6th and 5th cent. B.C. The article also demonstrates how the architecture reflects political choices. Keywords: Cyclades • Delos • architecture • altar ▲ Sven Ahrens, Observations Regarding the Ornamentation on Early Attic Sarcophagi The ornaments on early Attic sarcophagi are of greater value in clarifying issues of dating and workshop provenance than has been assumed heretofore; the article seeks to illustrate this by reference to several examples. One the one hand it still holds true that some ornamental devices like egg and dart, interlace and the Lesbian kymation, as a rule do not offer any clues in this regard; these motifs are continually repeated in few variations and draw on classical-era models. In one case, a Lesbian kymation does however display distinct Asian Minor forms from the 2nd cent. A.D. On the other hand, the situation is quite different for acanthus leaf devices on Attic sarcophagi, which display a wide variety of types that derive very much from the contemporary artistic tradition. For instance, acanthus leaves may be found on sarcophagi that have contemporaneous parallels in both western and domestic architectural ornamentation. Two sarcophagi are decorated with acanthus leaf forms that are so close to kalathoi on portrait busts from the circle of Herodes Atticus that it is reasonable to align the dating of the two pieces. Such convergences seem to confirm earlier conjectures that sarcophagi specialists sometimes worked closely together with sculptors from other area of art. Keywords: sarcophagus, Attic • ornaments • dating • workshop ▲ Huberta Heres, Coloured Marble Decoration from a Roman House in Miletus During the excavations at Miletus in autumn 1902, conducted by the museum at Berlin, fragments of a wall decoration with opus sectile images were found in the cellar of a ruined house on the eastern slope of the theatre hill. The fragments were reassembled with multiple additions into four large panels according to plans by the excavation architect Hubert Knackfuß. About 1.95 m high, the tall rectangular panels, which probably served as orthostats on the wall of a richly appointed banqueting chamber, present vertically elongated rhomboids in the middle of which salvers are depicted. The triangular fields contain cornucopias, torches and an as yet unidentified object. Comparison of the salvers with silver models gives an indication as to the dating of the decoration: the second half of the 2nd or 3rd cent. A.D. The panels were lost in the war. Examination can only proceed on the basis of old black and white photographs. It is consequently also not possible to determine the varieties of marble used. Keywords: Miletus • Roman • wall decoration • opus sectile ▲ Andreas Schachner, The Excavations at Boğazköy-Hattuša in 2006 The excavations in the valley beneath Sarıkale have been extended eastwards. Underneath further massive debris layers, in which several unusual artefacts sculpted in the round were found, we unearthed two regular buildings from the 14th cent. B.C. which were flanked by lanes. The slope leading up to the cliff of Sarıkale from the east is terraced by at least two walls running parallel. Hittite ashlars could originate from a large building. On a natural plateau to the south west of Sarıkale connecting the western upper town with the central upper town and the temple precinct, excavations were begun at a new area. It was possible to distinguish three layers, the oldest of which was destroyed by a massive fire in the 14th cent. B.C. The dating of the building parallel to the find assemblage to the north indicates a radical reorganisation of the western upper town of Ôattuša in this period. A further Hittite layer is then succeeded by a Byzantine-era utilisation, which shows that the settlement phase lasted very much longer than has heretofore been assumed. New finds of cuneiform texts and seals add knowledge to the categories known so far. In the lower town the reconstructed section of the city wall was formally inaugurated at a ceremony with the Minister of Culture and Tourism. Keywords: Hattuša • Middle Hittite • sculpture in the round • architecture • seals • cuneiform texts ▲ Franziska Lang – Ernst-Ludwig Schwandner – Peter Funke – Lazaros Kolonas – Susanne Jahns – Andreas Vött, Interdisciplinary Landscape Research in Akarnania, Western Greece. Reports on the Survey Campaigns of 2000–2002 and on the Palaeobotanical and Palaeogeographical Studies on the Plaghiá Peninsula An interdisciplinary, German-Greek collaborative project has been underway since 2000, systematically studying the Plaghiá peninsula in Akarnania, north-western Greece. The surveying of the area in question, which lies opposite the island of Leukas, was carried out as part of an intensive multiperiod grid survey conceived with the aim of reconstructing the area’s history – which can be traced back as far as the Middle Palaeolithic – as well as its anthropogenic use in the form of settlement activities and patterns. This has been accompanied by an examination of written records and epigraphical sources. In addition to a general survey of the peninsula, a systematic survey of the ancient town of Palairos has been undertaken. This provided an opportunity to identify functional zones on the territory of the town on the basis of settlement and activity zone analyses; studying and mapping these activities made possible urban zones visible. By these means the evolution of the town, with its phases of expansion and shrinking, can be described using a diachronic perspective. The report details the objectives and methods as well as the concept, structure and organisation of the surveys of the town of Palairos and the surrounding area. In addition the first archaeological-historical results of the campaigns of 2000–2002 are presented. Keywords: Akarnania • cultural ecology • site activity analysis • spatial archaeology • urban survey ▲ Susanne Jahns, Pollen Analyses at Lake Voulkaria for the Purpose of Research Into the Vegetation and Environmental History of the Plaghiá Peninsula Pollen analysis of a Holocene profile from Lake Voulkaria was carried out as a contribution to the study of the history of the vegetation and environment of the Plaghiá peninsula in the Greek province of Akarnania. The pollen diagram shows that deciduous oak forests were the natural vegetation of the region for almost the entire Holocene. By c. 7000 B.C. mastix and terebinth bushes occurred frequently, whereas evergreen woods were on the whole rare. From about 6300 B.C. Oriental Hornbeam (Carpinus orientalis) and/or Hop-hornbeam (Ostrya) began to spread. Around 5300 B.C. rising values for Erica pollen indicate either a drier climate and/or first human influence. From c. 3500 B.C. cultivation of the area is clearly attested by the increasingly frequent occurrence of evergreen plants. The founding of the classical-era town of Palairos resulted in the temporary dominance of Phillyrea thickets. Finds of marine-brackish molluscs in the lake sediment are evidence of a connection with the sea during this period. The deciduous oak forests became widespread again once human influence lessened, and remained dominant among the tree stock until the modern era. Keywords: Plaghiá peninsula • Palairos • Lake Voulkaria • vegetation history • palynology ▲ Andreas Vött – Helmut Brückner – Christian Georg – Mathias Handl – Armin Schriever – Hans-Joachim Wagner, Holocene Landscape Changes and Geoarchaeological Aspects of the Palairos Coastal Plain (Northwestern Greece) Sediments of the Palairos coastal plain (Akarnania, northwestern Greece) were studied using geomorphological, sedimentological, radiological, macro- and microfaunal and geochemical methods. A geochronology of Holocene coastal changes was achieved by means of radiocarbon datings. In the southern plain, the maximum transgression reached approximately 1 km inland and dates to the 7th mill. B.C. Subsequently, a beach ridge system sealed off a lagoon from the sea. A strong but temporary marine incursion occurred around 4400 cal BC. At the same time, increased surface water runoff caused Lake Voulkaria to reach its largest extent and gradually turned the Palairos lagoon into a freshwater lake. When ancient Palairos was founded in the 6th century B.C., shallow lakes and swamps dominated the lower grounds of the plain. The strandline lay some 200–400 m seawards. A narrow, canal-like connection, possibly of tsunamigenic origin, existed between the Bay of Palairos-Pogonia and Lake Voulkaria and could have been used for towing ships. During the last 4000 or so years, the Palairos plain experienced increased input of fluvial sediments. Keywords: Greece • Akarnania • geoarchaeology • palaeogeography • coastal changes ▲ Manfred Schuller, Bauforschungsperspektiven. The Desire to Innovate – The Pressure to Innovate The desire to innovate is useful, indeed necessary, in research into the history of building. Advances in technology in addition to the widening of the field of enquiry in recent decades present us with challenges as well as many opportunities in this discipline. The constant pressure to innovate, the uncritical adoption of every trend, is harmful, however. The important thing is to focus on what is essential; what is tried and tested should be preserved and cultivated carefully and further developed in a considered way. The core approach in building research – perceiving and explaining historical buildings or their remains by means of close scrutiny, however that may be effected – has shown itself to be a reliable method in a variety of fields over many years, and it is capable of dealing with whatever requirements may be made of it in the future. In this process, innovation is welcome wherever it is applied not unthinkingly but judiciously. Keywords: building and architectural research • history of building • archaeology • heritage preservation • innovative technologies ▲ Martin Bachmann, Current Status and Provenance. On Definition of Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Building Research The long tradition of interdisciplinary collaboration in the field of building research in archaeology is illustrated by the example of the two surveys undertaken at Aigai in 1886 and Aksum in 1906, where very diverse academic disciplines were brought to bear in both cases. This is linked with how the history of building originated as an institutionalised subject of study, one that was conceived and structured from the beginning in a highly multidisciplinary form. Analysis of the origin and evolution of the subject provides the basis for a discussion of its future prospects as an academic course of study, which is a precondition of the survival of building research in archaeology. Keywords: history of archaeology • building research • interdisciplinary research • Aigai • Aksum ▲ Joachim Ganzert – Cord Meckseper, From the Vanishing Point to the Spatial/Contextual Perspective. A Critique of »Bauforschungsperspektiven« Conversely to what was stated in the call for papers for the colloquium, namely that »innovative approaches of ongoing research as well as planned projects« should be presented »in order that both the current status and the future prospects of building research in archaeology can be critically examined« we shall, in this article, approach the matter contrariwise, putting the critical examination first, before any premature answer to the question of what may be understood by »innovative approach«. Instead of jumping on a bandwagon bound for the supposedly certain destination of innovation, we would like first to consult a variety of maps to make sure that the wagon really is going in the right direction. That is: we would like to try to consider the problem of perception using the helpful concept of perspective – meaning as it does »looking through« – in reference to vanishing points in perception, levels of perception, and contextual dimensions which are to be found in building and architectural research. We shall view these with, as it were, two different zooms: zoom 1 from the tele to the wide angle perspective: that is from the concrete find or feature to the disciplines perceiving it, or misperceiving it as the case may be; and zoom 2, from wide angle to the tele lens: that is from the sciences as subjects taught at university to concrete find assemblages and the traditions of perception prevailing today. Keywords: building • history of science and culture • theory and methodology ▲ Claudia Bührig, Building Research – History of Building and Architecture. An Additional Dimension: the Structural Find Assemblage as a Store of Knowledge The article advocates broadening the field of the history of building to include a history-of-knowledge dimension. After a brief account of established methods of historical building research it examines the question of historical contextualisation of a building or a structural find assemblage. By this means historical building research is transformed into the history of building. From the point of view of a ›history of knowledge‹ the process of construction itself is of central importance to the history of building. Firstly it is shown how great is the potential of the surviving structure itself, the primary source of building history information, for reconstructing the know-how that made the building of the structure possible in the first place. Secondly the article discusses source material that should be considered if further information about such procedural know-how is to be gathered. This possibility of research into the history of building and architecture appears to be topical inasmuch as knowledge is currently one of the central subjects in a variety of history of science disciplines, and inasmuch as the history of building and architecture is capable of providing some key insights. Keywords: history of science • knowledge • process of building • architecture • methodology and theory ▲ |
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