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AA 2008/2 |
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Contents and AbstractsAlexander Rubel A Bronze Ansate Plate with Owner’s Inscription from Moesia Inferior and the Roman Military Presence in Ibida >>
Volkmar von Graeve Miletus 2003–2005. Preliminary Report on the Excavations, Monument Restoration, Ruin Preservation as well as Natural Scientific Investigations – an Introduction and Overview >> Harald Stümpel – Ercan Erkul Geophysical Prospection at Miletus, 2003–2005 >> Ioannis A. Panteleon – Reinhard Senff Excavations in the Sanctuary of Aphrodite on Zeytintepe near Miletus in 2003–2005. With assistance of Kerstin Beier, Torsten Dressler and Daniel Nösler >> Frank Wascheck Fikellura Amphorae and Amphoriskoi from Miletus. A Vase Warehouse on Kalabaktepe? >> Felix Pirson Pergamon – Report on the Projects of the 2007 Campaign. With contributions by Martin Bachmann, Ralf von den Hoff, Ulrich Mania, Wolfgang Radt and Martin Zimmermann >> Simone Wolf – Pawel Wolf – Hans-Ulrich Onasch – Catharine Hof – Ulrike Nowotnick Meroë and Hamadab – Two Cities in the Middle Nile Valley in the Centuries around the Beginning of Common Era. Report on Activities between 1999 and 2007 >> Archaeological Society at Berlin e. V. 2007 Archaeological Society at Berlin e. V. 2008 Alexander Rubel, A Bronze Ansate Plate with Owner’s Inscription from Moesia Inferior and the Roman Military Presence in Ibida The Roman settlement of Ibida (today Slava Rusá in the Romanian part of Dobruja) is still little known, although with an area of 24 hectares it is the largest ancient fortification in all of Dobruja. Systematic excavations at the site, which have been in progress only since 2001, are showing ever more clearly, however, that the city, situated at an important crossroads, attained to significance already in the imperial era and not only in late antiquity as the massive, Justinian-era walls suggest. New evidence for this theory is provided by the bronze ansate plate with owner’s inscription published here, which indicates that a Roman military garrison was stationed here at least temporarily. Keywords: Romania • Dobruja • Ibida • bronze ansate plate • owner’s inscription▲ Volkmar von Graeve, Miletus 2003–2005. Preliminary Report on the Excavations, Monument Restoration, Ruin Preservation as well as Natural Scientific Investigations – an Introduction and Overview The article offers an overview of the activities of the Miletus excavation in the years 2003–2005 and thus functions as an introduction to the articles that follow in this and the next volume of the Archaeologischer Anzeiger. As in the last years, the work at Miletus consisted of excavations, the restoration of monuments and the preservation of ruins as well as certain natural scientific investigations. The main project was the excavation of the Archaic sanctuary of Aphrodite on the hill known today as Zeytintepe: a preliminary report specifically devoted to this subject follows in this volume, while a certain amount of material recovered during the excavations will be published in the next half-volume of the journal. The results of the geophysical prospection undertaken as part of interdisciplinary programmes of the Miletus excavation will be discussed in greater detail in the introduction, and the attempt will be made to integrate them into the overall picture of scientific research on the ancient city. In addition, there is a brief summary of the work done to present and develop the archaeological site for tourism, no report having yet been dedicated to the question. The introduction ends with an account of restoration work on the theatre of Miletus by B. F. Weber. Keywords: Miletus • Archaic • geophysical prospection • sanctuary of Aphrodite • theatre • ruin preservation ▲ Harald Stümpel – Ercan Erkul, Geophysical Prospection at Miletus, 2003–2005 Our geomagnetic survey work at Miletus, Turkey, was focused on a presumed harbour area east of Humeitepe, on the area surrounding the Sacred Way, and between Kalabaktepe and the late Hellenistic city wall. For these geomagnetic measurements we used a DGPS-controlled multi-sensor vehicle with eight differential fluxgate sensors mounted with 500 mm horizontal spacing. In the eastern port we were able to identify clear structures suggesting docks and berths. In the vicinity of the Sacred Way further graves and roadways have been found. Of highest importance is the proof of the continuation of the Archaic street system from the centre of the city as far as Kalabaktepe. An early Christian cemetery church, unknown before, has been found north of Kalabaktepe. Complementary geoelectric measurements have considerably deepened our knowledge, permitting targeted and efficient excavation. Keywords: Miletus • survey • geophysics • geomagnetics • geoelectrics ▲ Ioannis A. Panteleon – Reinhard Senff, Excavations in the Sanctuary of Aphrodite on Zeytintepe near Miletus in 2003–2005 In the years 2003–2005 the excavation work at the sanctuary of Aphrodite on Zeytintepe hill was focused on a flank approx. 50 m wide and 80 m long, extending westwards to the summit of the hill. In the 2003 campaign, late Archaic terracing was discovered here, laid out over a limestone quarry. Stone from the quarry was used as building material when the sanctuary was remodelled. Subsequently a terrace was constructed over the quarry, in the course of which very large quantities of votive offerings came to be buried in the earth. The votives were found scattered throughout the filling layers generally without any particular find context, although occasionally votive sets consisting of several pieces came to light, evidently carefully arranged in the fill. The burial of a human corpse in a filling layer of the terrace, exposed in the 2005 campaign, is an unusual find in a sanctuary. Keywords: Miletus • Zeytintepe • sanctuary • Aphrodite • Oikus ▲ Frank Wascheck, Fikellura Amphorae and Amphoriskoi from Miletus. A Vase Warehouse on Kalabaktepe? The excavations at Miletus in the last 20 years have brought to light an unprecedented abundance of mainly fragmentary Fikellura amphorae and amphoriskoi. By far the greatest concentration of finds was in the area of two Archaic courtyard houses at the south-west gate on Kalabaktepe hill. There, landfills of ceramic debris connected with the resettlement of the district after the Persian conquest of Miletus were found to contain approx. 180 Fikellura amphorae and amphoriskoi from various workshops primarily from the period after 530 B.C. The large quantity of vessels reused as fill indicates that a warehouse was located in the vicinity, where vases from a number of local potter’s workshops were stored. Keywords: Miletus • Archaic • amphorae • Fikellura vases • pottery workshops ▲ Felix Pirson, Pergamon – Report on the Projects of the 2007 Campaign The work of the Pergamon campaign in 2007 concentrated on the exploration of the Hellenistic royal city and the surrounding area in the framework of the new research programme. In addition a number of projects were carried out concerning the study and publication of certain types of material as well as older excavation finds. As part of the conservation activities at the Red Hall the lapidarium was moved to the new depot, the visitor platform was constructed in the south tower, and the large opening in the west façade of the tower was secured. Investigations on the eastern slope of the acropolis hill have yielded more information supporting the reconstruction of a fan-shaped street-grid. A preliminary proposal for the reconstruction of the insulae indicates that they had a size of approx. 35 m × 45 m. Excavations necessitated by a municipal construction project brought to light a hitherto unknown necropolis with graves from the Roman imperial period on the south-eastern slope just beyond the Hellenistic city walls. This discovery provides us with valuable insights into the organisation of necropolises, the sepulchral architecture and the burial customs of ancient Pergamon. In the area surrounding the royal city, work has focused once again on the poleis Atarneus and Elaia. In Atarneus our understanding of the settlement history has grown to the point where we are now able to show how a flourishing polis of the Classical and early Hellenistic period sank into insignificance as a result of the ascendancy of Pergamon. Elaia, the city’s main harbour, by contrast underwent large-scale expansion and was strongly fortified. The discovery of substantial harbour structures in the shallow waters off the coast could lead in future to an entirely new view of Pergamon as a sea power in the Hellenistic era. Keywords: Pergamon • Elaia • Atarneus • necropolis • street-grid • city walls • gymnasia • harbours • Red Hall ▲ Simone Wolf – Pawel Wolf – Hans-Ulrich Onasch – Catharine Hof – Ulrike Nowotnick, Meroë and Hamadab – Two Cities in the Middle Nile Valley in the Centuries around the Beginning of Common Era. Report on Activities between 1999 and 2007 Beyond the core area of the ancient world lie the cities of Meroë and Hamadab, only a few kilometres apart in the Middle Nile Valley between the 5th and 6th cataract, the former the capital of the African Kingdom of Kush, the latter a fairly large Meroitic settlement nearby Meroë; the period in question is approximately from the 3rd cent. BC to the 4th cent. AD. In Meroë, work has concentrated on the Royal Baths, an exceptional complex of buildings whose architecture and sumptuous decoration are so far without parallel in the Meroitic region. The Baths provide an insight into the lifestyle of the privileged classes of Meroë close to the royal dynasty, a lifestyle which was partly shaped by foreign influences from Mediterranean culture but where indigenous African traditions were also distinctly valued. The investigations focus on the history of building of the Royal Baths as well as on how they functioned from a technical point of view, what they were used for, and what role they played in the context of the city of Meroë. Complementary to these activities, our research at Hamadab allows us to conduct a large-scale investigation into the structure of a Meroitic city with its material culture and thereby to gain an idea of the planning, evolution and decline of the city, of its functional areas, infrastructural systems and socio-cultural relationships. This will lead to a better understanding of the everyday life and material culture of a Meroitic city around the beginning of Common Era. The report published here presents – for the first time outside literature specialising on the archaeology of Sudan – an overview of the site-specific working methods and the principal results of the field work in Meroë and Hamadab from the launch of the projects up to the year 2007 and places them within a larger context. Furthermore the report considers what advances in knowledge stand to be gained in future through the comparative and/or contrastive study of both cities with regard to aspects of settlement archaeology and cultural history in the heartland of the Kingdom of Kush. Keywords: Kusch • Meroë • Hamadab • settlement archaeology • urban history • cultural transfer ▲ |
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