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AA 2008/1 |
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Annual Report 2007 Contents and AbstractsContentsAlexis Q. CastorArchaic Greek Earrings: An Interim Survey [p. 1–34] >>
Report on the Excavations at the Northern Tip of the Lower Citadel of Tiryns 2000–2003, with a contribution by Peter Marzolff [p. 35–111] >> Andreas Schachner The Excavations in Boğazköy-Hattuša 2007, with contributions by Reinhard Dittmann, Ulf Röttger and Ulf-Dietrich Schoop [p. 113–161] >> Wolfram Martini – Helmut Brückner – Norbert Eschbach – Daniel Kelterbaum – Matthias Recke The River Harbour of Perge. A Geoarchaeological Survey Solves an Old Problem [p. 163–179] >> Philipp Niewöhner Are the Walls the City? Preliminary Report on New Excavations at Miletus Investigating Its Settlement History in Late Antiquity and the Byzantine Period. with geoarchaeological contribution by Helmut Brückner and Marc Müllenhoff [p. 181–201] >> Inauguration of the New President of the German Archaeological Institute. Ceremony at the Foreign Office in Berlin on 22 February 2008 [p. 203–220] Archaeological Ph.D. Dissertations and Habilitationen 2007 [p. 221–227] Scholarships of the German Archaeological Institute [p. 229–230] Information for Authors [p. 233] AbstractsAlexis Q. Castor, Archaic Greek Earrings: An Interim Survey [p. 1–34] Although earrings were one of the most common jewelry types in Greece, the most recent survey of this ornament is the 1903 study by Karl Hadaczek. This study focuses on earrings discovered in controlled excavations and dating to the Archaic period; such a restriction both confirms the authenticity of the earrings and also provides insight into the occasions on which jewelry was deliberately removed from circulation by its owner. A survey of the evidence related to earrings reveals how they worn, hints that men and women may have sported the accessories and provides some clues to the manufacture of jewelry. Following this overview, a typology of Archaic earring forms based on firm regional and chronological data is provided. As jewelry is a type of wealth that we can link specifically with Greek women, study of these ornaments offers unique – and under-exploited – evidence for female participation in the public sphere. Keywords: Archaic • jewelry • earrings • women ▲ Joseph Maran, Report on the Excavations at the Northern Tip of the Lower Citadel of Tiryns 2000–2003 [p. 35–111] New excavations have led to the unexpected result of a fundamental restructuring of the settlement plan of the northernmost part of the Lower Citadel during the last decades of the Mycenaean palatial period. The North Gate and the buildings on its inner side belong to a late phase of rebuilding in LH IIIB Final, while originally, at the time of the construction of the Cyclopean wall, the newly discovered North Passage was intended to be the only direct connection between the northern Lower Citadel and the Lower Town. The architectural analysis disentangles several stages in the construction of the vault of the North Passage and highlights the difference between this vaulted structure and drainage channels found in other parts of the Cyclopean fortification of the Lower Citadel. In addition, it is demonstrated that the North Passage served as a Sally Port which finds its closest parallel in the so-called North Gallery of the North-eastern Extension of Mycenae. The change of planning is interpreted as part of a far-reaching master plan, to which also the dam at Kophini and the re-direction of the stream are believed to belong. The ambitious, even visionary, character of the new plan suggests that shortly before the end of the palatial period the ruling elite regarded the political circumstances as stable. Moreover, the high amount of objects with links to Cyprus or the Levant in the debris of the destruction at the end of LH IIIB Final, among them the fragment of a bone or ivory rod with cuneiform signs and fragments of a faience rhyton probably in the shape of a monkey’s head, counters the assumption of a crisis in the long-distance trade on the eve of the catastrophe. A group of burials without grave furnishings is regarded as part of a burial place of the early post-palatial period (LH IIIC) in the northern Lower Citadel, which in some way was connected to the catastrophe. Either we are dealing here with burials of victims of this catastrophe, or the event had such shattering repercussions on the established rules on the use of space as well as on people’s religious convictions that temporarily the deceased were buried in a way not conforming to earlier traditions. The belated rebuilding of the northern Lower Citadel during LH IIIC is attributed to an awareness of the existence of this burial place. Keywords: Tiryns • Lower Citadel • palatial period • post-palatial period • architectural change ▲ Andreas Schachner, The Excavations in Bogazköy-Hattusa 2007 [p. 113–161] Excavations at Yenicekale in the western upper town show that the building could be accessed via a monumental stairway from the south and was integrated into a planned urban district. In the valley beneath Sarıkale, furthermore, investigation of the sequence of layers continued. In the process, another building from the oldest construction layer was excavated. It is now clear that even in this period the buildings were laid out according to regular planning criteria. When construction resumed after a short interlude, the younger buildings continued to follow this regular organisation. Now it is possible to reconstruct three large buildings which stood at the foot of the slope below Sarıkale. The slope underneath the cliff was also clearly modified by means of terracing walls and a large edifice. The excavations at a second site to the south indicate that this area, too, was probably included in a far-reaching urban reorganisation at the same time. Above all in the north-eastern periphery of the city the continuation of geophysical prospecting has provided evidence of intensive development with buildings of various ground-plans and two water reservoirs. Moreover first results of a traditional surfaces survey indicate to potential of such investigations. Outside the immediate city U.-D. Schoop started an excavation at the Chalcolithic site of Çamlıbel Tarlası which will offer more insights on the earliest settlements in the region of Boğazköy. Keywords: Hattuša • Yenicekale • valley beneath Sarıkale • Çamlıbel Tarlası • Chalcolithic • Middle Hittite • sculpture in the round ▲ Wolfram Martini – Helmut Brückner – Norbert Eschbach – Daniel Kelterbaum – Matthias Recke, The River Harbour of Perge. A Geoarchaeological Survey Solves an Old Problem [p. 163–179] As part of the DFG project investigating the pre-Roman settlement history of Perge in Pamphylia, and in close cooperation between archaeologists and geographers, the river harbour mentioned by Strabo has been located on what today is the river Aksu. The area between Perge and the ancient river Kestros was studied from the archaeological as well as geoarchaeological point of view. This area was selected for investigation on account of what is known about earlier settlements on the acropolis of Perge, commencing in the Chalcolithic and already urban in character in the Archaic era, and also in view of the orientation of the main road from the acropolis eastward towards the Kestros, discernible since the Classical era. Results from geological corings and archaeological surveys led to an understanding of the geomorphological situation, to the clarification of the course of the Kestros, which is identical to that of the Aksu except for a few meander loops and oxbows, and also to the discovery of the ancient harbour settlement near the modern-day village of Solak. In addition, a number of tombs were found along with a small sanctuary on the street between the harbour and the acropolis of Perge. Keywords: Perge • Pamphylia • river harbour • geoarchaeology • acropolis ▲ Philipp Niewöhner, Are the Walls the City? Preliminary Report on New Excavations at Miletus Investigating Its Settlement History in Late Antiquity and the Byzantine Period [p. 181–201] New excavations underway in Byzantine Miletus are intended to clarify when and how the sprawling late Roman city shrank to a narrow Byzantine castrum. So far, on the basis of a Justinianic building inscription from the Market Gate, the castrum has been dated to the 6th century. Following the example of Miletus the same has been assumed for other Byzantine castra in Asia Minor. This led to the notion that the ancient cities suffered depopulation and decline already in the early Byzantine period. However, new discoveries at Miletus appear to provide evidence of the contrary. This has been followed up with new excavations that lent further support to the initial doubts. It is probable that early Byzantine Miletus still covered a wide area, and that the castrum was not built until the 7th / 8th century when there was a need for defence against Arab incursions. This is indicated by diverse results and considerations relating to the course of the Goths’ Wall, the Hellenistic east wall and the Byzantine city wall, as well as to the Justinianic inscription from the Market Gate, new archaeological evidence from beyond the Byzantine wall, and the geoarchaeology of the necropolis site at which a church has been discovered. Keywords: Miletus • fortifications • settlement history • Byzantine • transept basilica ▲ |
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